The buyer question · Updated Jun 16

Best Password Managers

We put this question to ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity every week — then check their pick against the people who actually used it.

Power ranking

The top products right now.

#1
1Password 9
1Password 9.

by 1Password

#2
Bitwarden Premium 2026
Bitwarden Premium 2026

by Bitwarden

#3
NordPass Premium
NordPass Premium

by NordPass

Best rank in this scope, recent weeks Jan 1 · #7 · Jan 1 · #3 · Feb 1 · #36-wk trend?

This week?

Keeper Password Manager took the top spot this week, displacing Dashlane Premium from a run at number one. Proton Pass Plus made the sharpest move, climbing twelve places from twenty-one to nine, while RoboForm Premium gained ten spots to land at eight. Dashlane and LastPass each fell three places, settling at four and five respectively. Enpass Password Manager entered the rankings at ten.

87 newcomers 2 climbers 10 drops1Password 9 #1

What AI values here

Top password managers split between open-source options that let you control your data locally and affordable closed-source tools that sync across your devices. The choice hinges on whether you prioritize transparency and privacy control or convenience and broad platform support.

How What AI Would Buy works

Act I

The ranking

Machines rank

ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini & Perplexity pick — we merge them into one list.

Act II

The check

People check

Real reviewers who used these products weigh in beside them.

Act III

The verdict

You decide

They agree, we say so. They split, we show you the gap.

Act one

What the machines think.

Three AI models read the category and rank every product. They agree on the very top — and split harder than anywhere else below it.

01

Model by model?

How each AI ranked it.

All three models open with the same #1 when they agree — below it their lists diverge. Each column is one model's own ranked picks; the lead pick sits a touch larger, and a lone tag marks a product only one model chose. The board below merges them into one machines-only top 10.

GPTGPTTop 5
  1. #1Bitwarden PremiumBitwarden Premiumonly here
  2. #21Password Individual1Password Individualonly here
  3. #3NordPass Premium
  4. #4Dashlane AdvancedDashlane Advancedonly here
  5. #5Keeper UnlimitedKeeper Unlimitedonly here
ClaudeClaudeTop 5
  1. #1Bitwarden Free/PremiumBitwarden Free/Premiumonly here
  2. #21Password 81Password 8only here
  3. #3Dashlane PremiumDashlane Premiumonly here
  4. #4NordPass PremiumNordPass Premium
  5. #5Keeper Password ManagerKeeper Password Manageronly here
GeminiGeminiTop 5
  1. #11Password 91Password 9only here
  2. #2Bitwarden Premium 2026Bitwarden Premium 2026only here
  3. #3Dashlane Ultimate 2026Dashlane Ultimate 2026only here
  4. #4NordPass Premium (2026 Edition)NordPass Premium (2026 Edition)only here
  5. #5Keeper Unlimited 2026Keeper Unlimited 2026only here
unanimous #1 · lone = listed by one model onlyFull board →
Merged across ChatGPT · Claude · Gemini · Perplexity — machines only
Jun 15this week
11Password 91Password 91PasswordNEW
2Bitwarden Premium 2026Bitwarden Premium 2026BitwardenNEW
3NordPass PremiumNordPass PremiumNordPass·
4RoboForm PremiumRoboForm PremiumRoboFormNEW
5LastPass Premium 2026LogMeInNEW
6Enpass PremiumEnpass PremiumEnpass6
7Sticky Password PremiumSticky Password PremiumSticky Password1
8LogMeOnce PremiumLogMeOnce PremiumLogMeOnce26
9LastPass PremiumLastPass PremiumLastPass5
10Bitwarden Free/PremiumBitwarden Free/PremiumBitwardenNEW
Top 10 of 100 · move vs previous snapshotSee the full merged board →

Act three · ★ new

Do they agree?

Put the AI rank and the reviewer score in one frame. The story here isn't a hidden gem — it's whether the machines and the room land together.

02

The merged board?

Every product the AIs ranked.

100 of 100
Time machine?
June 15 · latest
#?ProductAI consensus?Last 3 months?
#1new1Password1Password 91Password1Password· securityClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #1Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #1
#2newBitwardenBitwarden Premium 2026BitwardenBitwarden· open-sourceClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #2Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #2
#3NordPassNordPass PremiumNordPassNordPass· zero-knowledgeClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #3–#4Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #7 · Jun 8 · #3 · Jun 15 · #3
#4newRoboFormRoboForm PremiumRoboFormRoboForm· form fillingClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #6–#7Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #29 · Jun 15 · #4
#5newLastPass Premium 2026LogMeIn· ubiquityClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #6–#11Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #5
#6▲ 6EnpassEnpass PremiumEnpassEnpass· local vaultClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #9–#10Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #45 · Jun 8 · #12 · Jun 15 · #6
#7▲ 1Sticky PasswordSticky Password PremiumSticky PasswordSticky Password· local storage optionClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #8–#11Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #6 · Jun 8 · #8 · Jun 15 · #7
#8newLogMeOnceLogMeOnce PremiumLogMeOnceLogMeOnce· photo loginClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #9–#11Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #90 · Jun 8 · #34 · Jun 15 · #8
#9▼ 5LastPassLastPass PremiumLastPassLastPass· familiar interfaceClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #7–#16Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #4 · Jun 8 · #4 · Jun 15 · #9
#10newBitwardenBitwarden Free/PremiumBitwardenBitwarden· open sourceClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #1Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #10
#11▼ 10BitwardenBitwarden PremiumBitwardenBitwarden· open sourceClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #1Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #22 · Jun 8 · #1 · Jun 15 · #11
#12▼ 71Password1Password 81Password1Password· polished uiClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #2Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #2 · Jun 8 · #5 · Jun 15 · #12
#13new1Password1Password Individual1Password1Password· polishedClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #2Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 8 · #49 · Jun 15 · #13
#14▼ 12DashlaneDashlane PremiumDashlaneDashlane· dark web monitoringClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #3Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #3 · Jun 8 · #2 · Jun 15 · #14
#15newDashlaneDashlane Ultimate 2026DashlaneDashlane· ui/uxClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #3Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #15
#16newNordPass 2026Nord Security· xchacha20ClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #3Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #16
#17newDashlaneDashlane AdvancedDashlaneDashlane· autofillClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #4Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #17
#18newNordPassNordPass Premium (2026 Edition)NordPassNordPass· nordsecurityClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #4Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #18
#19newRoboFormRoboForm Everywhere 10RoboFormRoboForm· affordableClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #4Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #19
#20newDashlaneDashlane Premium 2026DashlaneDashlane· vpn-bundleClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #5Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #20
#21▼ 12Keeper SecurityKeeper Password ManagerKeeper SecurityKeeper Security· zero-trustClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #5Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #28 · Jun 8 · #9 · Jun 15 · #21
#22▼ 15Keeper UnlimitedKeeper· strong encryptionClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #5Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #5 · Jun 8 · #7 · Jun 15 · #22
#23newKeeper SecurityKeeper Unlimited 2026Keeper SecurityKeeper Security· enterprise-gradeClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #5Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #23
#24newKeeper SecurityKeeper Password Manager & Digital Vault 2026Keeper SecurityKeeper Security· enterprise-readyClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #6Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #24
#25▼ 15Proton Pass PlusProton Pass· privacy-firstClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #6Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 8 · #10 · Jun 15 · #25
#26newProtonProton Pass Plus 2026ProtonProton· encryptionClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #7Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #26
#27newProtonProton Pass UnlimitedProtonProton· privacyClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #7Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #27
#28newEnpass Premium 2026Enpass Technologies· local-firstClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #8Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #28
#29▼ 3McAfee True KeyMcAfee· biometric loginClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #8Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #13 · Jun 8 · #26 · Jun 15 · #29
#30newRoboFormRoboForm Everywhere 2026RoboFormRoboForm· form-fillingClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #8Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #30
#31newAppleiCloud Passkeys & Password Manager (iOS 20/macOS 2026)AppleApple· apple ecosystemClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #9
#32newKeePassXC 2.7KeePassXC Team· open-sourceClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #9
#33newGoogleGoogle Password Manager (Chrome 125+)GoogleGoogle· google ecosystemClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #10
#34newKeePassXCKeePassXC 2.xKeePassXCKeePassXC· freeClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #10
#35newZohoZoho Vault Enterprise 2026ZohoZoho· teamsClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #10
#36newMicrosoftMicrosoft Edge Password Manager (Edge 125+)MicrosoftMicrosoft· microsoft ecosystemClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #11
#37newAviraAvira Password Manager Pro 2026AviraAvira· antivirus suiteClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity2/4 AIs · ranks #17–#20
#38newEnpassEnpass 7 PremiumEnpassEnpass· offline-firstClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #12
#39newPassboltPassbolt CloudPassboltPassbolt· team collaborationClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #12
#40newRememBearRememBear PremiumRememBearRememBear· beginner-friendlyClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #12Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #58 · Jun 8 · #73
#41newSticky Password Premium 2026StickyPassword· usb-portableClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #12
#42newAppleiCloud KeychainAppleApple· native ios macosClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #13Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 8 · #52
#43newKasperskyKaspersky Password Manager 2026KasperskyKaspersky· password-checkerClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #13
#44newRememBearRememBear 2026 PremiumRememBearRememBear· simplicityClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #13
#45newAppleApple PasswordsAppleApple· ios integrationClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #14
#46newPassword BossPassword Boss Advanced 2026Password BossPassword Boss· ease of useClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #14
#47newTrend Micro Password Manager 2026Trend Micro· integrationClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #14
#48newF-SecureF-Secure ID Protection 2026F-SecureF-Secure· identity-monitoringClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #15
#49newLogMeOnceLogMeOnce Ultimate v8LogMeOnceLogMeOnce· featuresClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #15
#50newMicrosoftMicrosoft Authenticator Password ManagerMicrosoftMicrosoft· windows syncClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #15
#51▼ 24Proton PassProton AG· privacy focusedClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #15Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #33 · Jun 8 · #27
#52newAvast Passwords Premium 2026Avast· integratedClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #16
#53newmSecuremSecure 6.x (2026 Update)mSecuremSecure· local storageClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #16
#54▼ 25Zoho VaultZoho Vault· business orientedClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #16Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #11 · Jun 8 · #29
#55newPasswordstate EnterprisePasswordstate· enterprise deploymentClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #17
#56newSticky PasswordSticky Password Premium v9Sticky PasswordSticky Password· portabilityClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #17
#57newZohoZoho Vault StandardZohoZoho· business accessClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #17
#58newNortonNorton 360 Password Manager (2026)NortonNorton· antivirus suiteClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #18
#59newNorton Password Manager 2026NortonLifeLock· freeClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #18
#60newPleasant Password ServerPleasant Solutions· team sharingClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #18
#61newTeamPassword BusinessTeamPassword· team sharingClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #18
#62newKasperskyKaspersky Password Manager Premium 2026KasperskyKaspersky· antivirus suiteClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #19
#63newMcAfee True Key Premium 2026McAfee· multi-factorClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #19
#64newNordPassNordPass BusinessNordPassNordPass· team managementClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #19
#65newBitdefender Password Manager 2026Bitdefender· browser-extensionsClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #20
#66newBitwardenBitwarden FamiliesBitwardenBitwarden· shared vaultsClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #20Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 8 · #61
#67new1Password1Password Teams1Password1Password· shared vaultsClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #21
#68newDashlaneDashlane Premium FamilyDashlaneDashlane· family planClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #21
#69newKeePassXCKeePassXC v2.8.0KeePassXCKeePassXC· open-sourceClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #21
#70newRememBear Premium 2026RememBear (TunnelBear)· friendly-uiClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #21
#71newAuthPassAuthPass v2.5.0 (KeePass Client)AuthPassAuthPass· open-sourceClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #22
#72newKeeper SecurityKeeper Family PlanKeeper SecurityKeeper Security· shared vaultsClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #22
#73newKeeper SecurityKeeperMSPKeeper SecurityKeeper Security· managed service providerClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #22
#74newSaferPass Premium 2026SaferPass· secure-sharingClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #22
#75newIntuitive Password Advanced 2026Intuitive Password· browser-onlyClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #23
#76newIT GlueITGlue· msp documentationClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #23
#77newPassword Safe v3.60Password Safe by Jeff Man· local storageClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #23
#78newProtonProton Pass FamilyProtonProton· privacyClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #23Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 8 · #68
#79newKeePassDXKeePassDX Pro v4.0.0KeePassDXKeePassDX· androidClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #24
#80newNordPassNordPass FamilyNordPassNordPass· encrypted vaultClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #24Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 8 · #53
#81newPassword BossPassword Boss Premium 2026Password BossPassword Boss· emergency-accessClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #24
#82newSecurden Password VaultSecurden· privileged accessClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #24
#83new1Password1Password Families 20261Password1Password· shared-vaultsClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #28
#84newAvast BreachGuard Password ManagerAvast· breach monitoringClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #30
#85newBitwardenBitwarden Families 2026BitwardenBitwarden· valueClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #27
#86newCyberArk Workforce Password ManagementCyberArk· enterprise securityClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #26
#87newDashlaneDashlane Business 2026DashlaneDashlane· policiesClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #30
#88newEnpass Family PlanEnpass Technologies· local controlClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #26
#89newF-SecureF-Secure ID ProtectionF-SecureF-Secure· breach alertsClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #29
#90newJumpCloudJumpCloud Go (2026 Edition)JumpCloudJumpCloud· decentralizedClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #26
#91newKeeper SecurityKeeper Family Password Manager 2026Keeper SecurityKeeper Security· familiesClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #26
#92newLogMeOnceLogMeOnce FamilyLogMeOnceLogMeOnce· sharingClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #28
#93newNordPass Business 2026Nord Security· admin-consoleClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #29
#94newPassboltPassbolt Cloud 2026PassboltPassbolt· open-sourceClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #25
#95newPassboltPassbolt Pro 2026PassboltPassbolt· self-hostedClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #27
#96newAviraPassword Manager ProAviraAvira· enterprise pamClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #25Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #48
#97newRemypassRemypass v1.5RemypassRemypass· local-firstClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #30
#98newRoboFormRoboForm FamilyRoboFormRoboForm· shared loginsClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #25Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 8 · #46
#99newSecret ServerThycotic· privileged accountsClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #27
#100newSticky PasswordSticky Password FamilySticky PasswordSticky Password· offline vaultClaudeGPTGeminiPerplexity1/4 AIs · ranks #27

as of June 16 · vs June 14?

03

Race chart?

6 weeks of rank trajectories.

#1#11#21#31#336/16/86/15#11Password 9#2Bitwarden Premium 2026#3NordPass Premium#4RoboForm Premium
04

Before you buy

Questions buyers ask.

  • What is the most trustworthy password manager?

    Keeper Password Manager is built on zero-trust architecture and is enterprise grade. Bitwarden Premium uses open source code, which means its security is publicly reviewable. Both approaches are valued by AI for trustworthiness.

  • What is the safest free password manager?

    Bitwarden offers a free tier alongside its paid version. AI values free options and open source code equally across top recommendations, making it a safe choice for users wanting no upfront cost.

  • Which password manager has the best security monitoring?

    Keeper Password Manager provides breach alerts. Dashlane Premium includes dark web monitoring. AI consensus values these kinds of monitoring features as equally important for catching compromised credentials.

  • Which password manager is easiest to use?

    Dashlane Premium is noted for an intuitive interface. AI values day-to-day usability and form filling ease as much as security monitoring when ranking top choices.

  • What password manager is best for families?

    1Password 8 includes family sharing built in. LastPass Premium offers one-to-many sharing and emergency access, allowing account holders to give trusted people access in case of emergency.

  • Do the AI assistants agree on the top pick?

    Not quite — they split across 4 different picks. Claude leads with Bitwarden Free/Premium; ChatGPT leads with Bitwarden Premium; Gemini leads with 1Password; and Perplexity leads with 1Password 9.

05

If the pick isn't right for you?

The other picks still in rotation.

Bitwarden Premium 2026
#2
Bitwarden Premium 2026
Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #2

Wins when

better for open-source

Aggregate score?48.0
NordPass Premium
#3
NordPass Premium
Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #7 · Jun 8 · #3 · Jun 15 · #3

Wins when

better for zero-knowledge

Aggregate score?45.0
RoboForm Premium
#4
RoboForm Premium
Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #29 · Jun 15 · #4

Wins when

better for form filling

Aggregate score?38.9
#5
LastPass Premium 2026
Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 15 · #5

Wins when

better for ubiquity

Aggregate score?34.9
Enpass Premium
#6
Enpass Premium
Intent rank, recent weeks Jun 1 · #45 · Jun 8 · #12 · Jun 15 · #6

Wins when

better for local vault

Aggregate score?32.9
07

Beyond this question

Where the winner shows up elsewhere.

context & history

You want a password manager that holds your passwords and gets out of the way. The trade-off is simple: convenience against security. A manager that syncs everywhere is easier to use. A manager that keeps your passwords locked tight means more friction. What matters is whether the tool actually protects what you store. What doesn't matter is marketing noise about military-grade encryption. You need to know how the company makes money and what happens if it fails.

The space splits into two camps. Some managers keep their servers in their own data centers and control everything end to end. Others use third-party cloud infrastructure and build their security around encryption keys you hold. Some let you store passwords offline. Some force you online. The question to ask yourself is simple: do you trust this company more than you trust a service that builds its whole business around not being able to read your passwords.